How do you compact a large gravel? - HENGDA RIC

Numerous developments of the last decades provide a broad range of near-surface compaction technologies (such as static and dynamic rollers) and deep compaction techniques (such as deep vibro-compaction, vibro-flotation and deep vibroreplacement, heavy tamping). However, until recently no device was available for middle-deep compaction. The lately introduced Rapid Impact Compactor (RIC) aims at closing the gap between the surface compaction methods and the deep compaction methods, and permitting a middle-deep improvement of the ground up to a depth of 4 to 10 m.

RIC utilises a 7 tonne hydraulic piling hammer repeatedly hitting a heavy 1-1.5m diameter steel foot. Recurring blows at each treatment position create imprints, which are subsequently filled with granular material. The pattern is then repeated at offset locations in order to provide treatment depths of around 3m. 

The RIC attachment currently being manufactured by Hangshen is mountable on a regular hydraulic crawler excavator in the 30t to 65t operating weight category. During controlled impact the RIC’s 1.5m diameter foot stays in contact with the ground, ensuring efficient impact energy transfer to the ground at all times. Energy is imparted by dropping the weight through a relatively small height of up to 1.2m at a rate of between 30 to 80 blows per minute.

SPEED - The unit is mounted on standard excavators, typically in the 40-90 tonne class and can be mobilised in minutes from arrival on site.

CONTROL - The machine is accurately controlled from the excavator cab and the degree of compaction electronically monitored.

SAFETY - The impact foot is in contact with the ground at all times and eliminates the risk of flying debris. Unlike conventional DC, other activities can take place in close proximity.

QUALITY - The impact energy and soil deflection are recorded by the on-board computer for presentation of compaction data to site managers. The data can highlight weak zones where extra fill is required or zones where underground obstructions were present (i.e. previously hidden old foundations).

RIC increases the stiffness and shear strength of soils through the use of impact compaction effort. Specific benefits include:

Increases Standard Penetration Resistance – the standard penetration resistance (N-Values) of loose granular soil can increase significantly. In developing an RIC specification for a project the minimum target blow count for the performance required should be specified.

The energy and deflection of the soil is monitored and recorded at each location, which allows the geotechnical engineer to determine when effective treatment is complete. It also enables the engineer to identify weak zones (red dots) or debris zones throughout the pad so that any remedial actions that may be required can be minimized resulting in cost savings. 

One advantage of RIC is that the drop height and number of blows can be varied based on the soil conditions. Through a test program, we will work with the Geotechnical Engineer of Record (GER) to determine the appropriate improvement criteria and RIC set-up for various areas of the site. For a site with a mixed soil profile and varying thicknesses of sand and clay, the ability to accurately control the amount of energy delivered to the ground is critical as it allows one to improve the loose overlying loose soil without liquefying the fine grained soils below – providing more uniform compaction.

The RIC compactor is mounted on a excavator so that moving around the site is easy. The compactor consists of a 7.5-ton weight falling approximately 36 inches onto an anvil in contact with the ground at a rate of approximately 40-90 blows per minute thereby compacting approximately 800 sf of area per hour. Onboard diagnostics equipment allows the compaction effort to be stopped when optimum compaction has been achieved.